1. always/ often/ frequently/ often/
usually/ sometimes/ never
ⅰ. 这几个词都是表频度的副词,它们之间的区别可用百分比来区分:
(0%)→(20%)→ 70%)→(75%)→(100%)
从不 —→ 有时 —→ 时常 —→ 通常 —→ 总是
即:never(0%)→sometimes(20%)→often/frequently(70%)→usually(75%)→always(100%)
ⅱ always “永远、总是”。与进行时连用时,表“再三地、老是”等意思。有时还表“生气或不耐烦”等盛 *** 彩。如:
① the sun always rises in the east.
太阳总是从东方升起。
② i alwaysget up at seven o’clock.
我总是在七点钟起身。
③ the boy is always asking whys.
这男孩老是问这问那没个完。
ⅲ often “时常、常常”强调经常性。如:
① he often comes here to see me. 他时常到这儿来看我。
② we have often been there.
ⅲ frequently “时常、屡次”常与often 通用。但它强调次数频繁。如:
① business frequently brings him to shanghai.
他时常因事到上海去。
② he frequently comes here to see her.
他时常到这儿来看她。
ⅳ usually “经常”其动作频率仅次于always.常常与一般过时,一般现在时连用。
① i usually get up at six in the morning.
ⅴ never “从不”是否定副词。常常与完成时连用。
① i have never been to the great wall.
② she said she had never gone there.
2. edge / side
ⅰ.edge侧重于指很窄的 “边缘”, 如刀刃或沿边的一部分.如:
put some salt on the edge of your plate.
在你的盘子边上放些盐.
ⅱ.side “边, 旁边” 有时与edge同义,有时指 “(东西的)侧面”, “(一个)方面”, “(身体的)侧边”,如:
3. among/ between/ in the middle of
ⅰ. among “在……之中/中间” 指三者或三者以上。通常表某个范围。如:
① someone is wrong among us.
我们中间有人错了。
② there is a *** all village among the mountains.
大山之间有座小村庄。
ⅱ. between “在…之间”指在二者之间,有时与and 连用。如:
① there is a river between us.
在我们两人之间有一条河。
② i’m standing between a house and a big tree.
我站在一座房子和一棵大树中间。
ⅲ. in the middle of “在……中间”指在某事物中间,强调事物的两端的中间。如:
there is a bus stop in the middle of the road.
在这条公路中间有个车站。
4. animal/ beast
ⅰ. animal “动物” 是区别于植物而言,是动物的总称,通常指兽、鸟、虫、鱼等。如:
① it’s an animal of monkey kind.
这是一种属于猴类的动物。
② the animal is hungry. 这个动物饿了。
ⅱ. beast “四足动物”通常指不包括爬行动物的较大的四足动物。如:
① the camel is a beast of burden.
骆驼是负重的动物。
② the tiger is a beast of prey. 老虎是猛兽。
5. another/ other/ more
ⅰ. 名词前表示具有增加意义的“还、再”,一般用 more 和 another. more放在数词之后,而another 放在数词之前;有时也可以用 other, 但other具有“不同”之意。保留它本意“别的”。如:
① one more thing, one other thing, another thing都表示“还有一件事”之意,如:
② i want three more / other books. = i want another three books.我还要三本书。
③ i stayed there threemoredays. = i stayed there another three days. 我在那儿又呆了三天。(这里不用other, 因day与day没有不同之意。
④ we need threemore / another three hands to do the job.我们还需要三个人做这项工作。(这里不用other , 因不强调人与人的不同。)
⑤ he works on the great green wall with many otherpeople. 他与别的许多人一块在绿色长城上工作。( other 没有增加之意,表除自己以外的别的人。)
6. another/ the other/ other/ others/ the others
ⅰ. another 指不定数目中的“另一个、又一个” (三个以上)用来代替或修饰可数名词。如:
i don’t think the coat is good enough. can you show me another?
ⅱ. other 泛指“另外的”修饰复数名词。如:
we study chinese, maths, english and other subjects.
ⅲ. others 泛指“另外的人或物”, 但不指其余的人或物的全部。如:
some like swimming, others like boating.
ⅳ. the other 指两个中的“另一个”如:
he has two sons, one is in shanghai, the other is in beijing.
ⅴ. the others 特指某一范围内的“其余全部的人或物”如:
there are thirty books on the bookshelf. five are mine, the others are my father’s.
7. answer/ reply
ⅰ. answer “回答、答复”。是最普通的用语,包括用口头、书面或行动回答。它可以用作及物动词或不及物动词。如:
① he answeredmy question.
② it is a difficult question to answer.
这是一个难以回答的问题。
③ please answermy letter as soon as possible.
④ they left a boy to answer the bell.
他们留下一个孩子应门。
ⅱ.reply “回答、答复”。 但比answer 正式些。它指用口头或书面回答。严格地讲,是指有针对性地详细地回答。 它也指用行动回答。reply 常用作不及物动词,回答某人或某事。后接to; 当它与直接引语或从句连用时,才用作及物动词。如:
① i didn’t replyto him.我没有答复他。
② he replied that he might go. 他回答说他可能去。
8. any/ either
二者所指的相关名词或代词的数量不同。
ⅰ. any 指二个以上的“任意一个”人/物。如:
when can you go with me to the city?
any day of this week will do.
什么时候你能陪我去城里?这个星期的哪天都行。
ⅱ. either 一般指两个中的“任意一个”且其后不能接不可数名词。如:
can you come on friday or saturday?
either will do .
你能在星期五还是星期六来吗?哪天都行。
9. any/ some
ⅰ.any “一些、一点、(有时不宜译出)” 一般用于疑问句、否定句。如:
① have you any new books? 你有(什么)新书吗?
no, i have not any new books. 我没什么新书。
② have you any money with you? 你身边带了一些钱吗?
ⅱ.some “一些、一点” 一般用于肯定句。如:
① ihave some new books. 我有一些新书。
[注]:① any用于肯定句中时,表“任何……、随便……”等意思。 如you may come at any time. 你随便什么时候来都可以。
②some 用于疑问句时,表“期望得到肯定的回答”或“邀请”或“请求”等意思。通常用在带情态动词的问句是。如:
1. aren’t there some envelops in that drawer?
那个抽屉不是有些信封吗?
2. would you have some tea?您喝点茶吗?
10. anyone/ any one
ⅰ. anyone “任何人”其后不跟of 短语。如:
is there anyone at home.?
ⅱ. any one “任何人/物”其后可跟 of 短语。如:
i’ll send you any one of these pens.
[注]:类似的用法还有:everyone
- 上一篇:
- 下一篇: